Columbian Exchange

Occurred between the Americans and the Europeans.

Columbian Exchange: Triangular Trade

Positives the Americas Received	Negatives the Americas Received
Livestock	Disease
Grains	Small Pox
Citrus Fruits	Measles
Coffee	Influenza

Sugar Cane

Technology

Positives from Americas to Europe	Negatives from Americas to Europe
Corn	NONE

Land

Sugar Cane

Technology

Positives from Europe to Africa	Negatives from Europe to Africa
Technology - mostly guns	Loss of Population - due to Europe taking slaves and trading to the Americas.

Loss of Culture due to loss of population

Summary of Chart: Europe would go to Africa and exchange guns for slaves. African leaders welcomed this technology in trade for their people (for awhile). Europe then traded the slaves to the Americas for the above items. The Americas needed the African slaves since the Native Americans that had been enslaved were dieing out. The Americas not only received the positive list from Africa and Europe; however, received many types of negatives from this triangular trade.

Commercial Revolution:

New trade practices that were influenced by American colonies.

Joint Stock Company: A business venture in which people pool their money to make more money.

Capitalism: An economic system in which private ownership and investments make a profit.

Mercantilism: A country's power is dependant on their wealth, size and strength of their Army and Navy.

Favorable Balance of Trade: Occurs when people sell more and buy less.

Terms:

Colonies: Lands that are conquered, controlled and exploited by another country.

Conquistador: A Spanish explorer who looked to conquer and claim new lands for Spain.

Mestizo: A mix of Spanish and Native American.

Encomienda System: System where the Natives worked for a Spanish landlord who usually abused and overworked them.

People:

Amerigo Vespucci: Realized that the newly discovered land was not part of Asia and, as a result, the new continent was named after him.

Balboa: First European to see the Pacific Ocean.

Megellan: Led an exploration to circumnavigate the world -- to travel around the world to prove it is round.

Hernando Cortes: Spanish conquistador that defeated the Aztec.

Francisco Pizarro: Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca.

Montezuma II: Aztec ruler during the Spanish conquest of the Aztec. Allowed Cortes in and got stoned to death.

The Encounter:

Event	Result
Search for new trade routes	Found Americas People of Europe, Africa and America come in contact with each other.
Conquistadors find gold and other riches	Colonies are set up More exploration of Americas Downfall of Native Americans
Cortes comes in contact with Aztec and learns of their vast amount of wealth.	Cortes with superior wealth, the help of the Aztec enemies, and disease, conquer Aztec.
Francisco Pizarro conquered Inca	Americas largest empire falls and it opens the door for other Conquistadors and the fall of other empires.
Catholic priests convert Natives and push for better treatment	Abolish encomienda system African slave trade begins
Disease War Overworked	95% of Native population dies off
Natives start rebellions and uprisings against the Spanish	Spanish burned the Natives sacred objects, didn't allow them to practice their own religions and abused the Natives in horrible acts of savagery

Slavery:

Conditions on slave ships: Dark, dirty, cramped quarters. People were treated like animals. They were underfed, chained and had to stay where they were no matter what bodily function they needed to relieve. There was bedsores, disease, rape and death.

Atlantic Slave Trade:

Reasons for the slave trade:	Negatives against it:
Native Americans died out	Millions of Africans displaced
Africans had strong immune systems	African cultures wiped out
Africans were physically stronger than Native Americans	Africa lost its strongest and most able

Click on link below:

Math Homepage	Science Homepage	Global Homepage
English Homepage	Study Pages Homepage	e-mail Miss G.